Equipment required for modular cleanrooms

Modular cleanroom equipment configuration can be divided into four core systems, listed below in order of functional priority, balancing standard configurations and industry-customized needs:

I. Air Purification System (Determines Cleanliness Level)

Fan Filter Unit (FFU): The core air supply equipment, integrating a fan and a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. Typically, it covers the entire ceiling, with independent control of airflow speed and start/stop, suitable for cleanrooms ranging from Class 100 to Class 100,000.

Three-Tier Filter System: Pre-filter (intercepts large particles, protecting downstream components), medium-efficiency filter (further filtration, extending HEPA filter lifespan), and high-efficiency/ultra-high-efficiency filter (HEPA/ULPA, ≥99.97% efficiency for particles ≥0.3μm, the core of cleanliness).

Cleanroom Air Conditioning/Fresh Air System: A combined air handling unit (AHU) or direct expansion unit, responsible for temperature and humidity control (typically 22±2℃, 55±5% RH), fresh air supply and return air circulation, and linked to airflow regulating valves to maintain airflow organization.

Exhaust and Differential Pressure Control: Exhaust fans, return air vents, differential pressure gauges (real-time monitoring of pressure difference between clean and non-clean areas, maintaining positive/negative pressure gradients, e.g., ≥5Pa).

II. Enclosure and Structural System (Ensuring Airtightness)

Frame and Panels: Aluminum alloy or steel profiles (lightweight/load-bearing), color steel sandwich panels, stainless steel plates, or double-glazed windows (dust-free, easy to clean, and well-sealed).

Flooring System: Epoxy self-leveling flooring, PVC roll material (anti-static/wear-resistant/seamless), sealed to the bottom of the walls to prevent dust accumulation.

Doors, Windows, and Transfer Equipment: Airtight doors and windows (with sealing strips), transfer windows (material transfer, electromagnetic interlocking to prevent contamination), air showers (to remove surface particles when personnel/goods enter).

III. Intelligent and Auxiliary Systems (Improving Operation and Maintenance Efficiency)

Intelligent Control System: Touch screen or PLC, centralized control of FFUs, lighting, and fans; real-time monitoring of cleanliness, differential pressure, temperature, and humidity; support for fault alarms and remote operation.

Lighting Equipment: Cleanroom-specific LED lights (low dust generation, eye-friendly, energy-saving), suitable for ceiling installation.

Monitoring and Disinfection Equipment: Particle counter (for periodic cleanliness monitoring), differential pressure gauge, temperature and humidity sensor; optional UV disinfection lamps and ozone generators for biological clean areas.

IV. Industry-Specific Customized Equipment (Optional)

Biopharmaceutical (GMP Compliance): Bag-in/bag-out filters (to prevent contamination during replacement), laminar flow hoods, biosafety cabinets, weighing hoods.

Electronics/Semiconductors: Anti-static flooring and interfaces, micro-vibration control equipment, local exhaust hoods (for etching/photolithography processes).

Food/Pharmaceutical: Cleaning and disinfection systems, precise temperature and humidity control (±0.5℃/±5% RH), aseptic filling equipment.

Configuration Considerations: Cleanliness level (Class 100/Class 10000/Class 10,0000/Class 100,000) determines the number of FFUs, HEPA filter specifications, and airflow organization (vertical/horizontal laminar flow).

Positive/negative pressure requirements (such as positive pressure in sterile areas and negative pressure in biosafety areas) directly affect the configuration of supply and exhaust fans and the range of differential pressure gauges.

Industry standards (GMP/ISO/SEMI) require matching with specific equipment (such as pass-through window interlocks, filter leak detection, and particle detection).